Do not post tips that are based on spurious, unsubstantiated, or anecdotal claims.Do not post tips that could be considered common sense, common courtesy, unethical, or illegal.The tip and the problem it solves must be explained thoroughly. Posts must begin with "LPT" or "LPT Request” and be flaired.No rude, offensive, racist, homophobic, sexist, aggressive or hateful posts/comments."No snowflake in an avalanche ever feels responsible." Keep in mind that an aphorism is not a LPT.Īn aphorism is a a short clever saying that is intended to express a general truth or a concise statement of a principle. “A marriage proposal should not come as a big surprise, despite what you may have seen in the movies.” “Always be prepared to leave your employer because they are prepared to leave you.” Advice is offering someone guidance or offering someone a recommendation. Keep in mind that giving someone advice is not the same as giving someone a LPT. Void SwishLayer::Backward_gpu(const vector*>& top,Ĭonst Dtype* top_data = top->gpu_data() Ĭonst Dtype* top_diff = top->gpu_diff() ĭtype* bottom_diff = bottom->mutable_gpu_diff() Īnd it's exactly the same as in the CPU case, except that it's written to leverage your CUDA cores.ĭon't forget to touch the caffe.proto adding the new field for swish_param (not needed, really, but one day you will want to implement a CUDnn version), Make and rebuild.A Life Pro Tip (or an LPT) is a specific action with definitive results that improves life for you and those around you in a specific and significant way. _global_ void SwishBackward( const int n, const Dtype* in_diff, const Dtype* in_data, const Dtype* out_data, Dtype* out_diff) The backward pass goes as follows: template I don't recommend, in the CUDA case, to tabulate the sigmoid because memory access may be a bottleneck in this case. CUDA or CUDnn may offer some speedup for particular trigonometric functions, so please check the manual. You can of course use the classic 1 / (1 + exp(-x)) formula. I saw that in original Caffe the sigmoid is calculated in this way, so I adopted it. Note that the sigmoid is calculated using the tanh function. Void SwishLayer::Forward_gpu(const vector*>& bottom, const vector*>& top)Ĭonst Dtype* bottom_data = bottom->gpu_data() ĭtype* top_data = top->mutable_gpu_data() _global_ void SwishForward(const int n, const Dtype* in, Dtype* out) Void SwishLayer::Backward_cpu(const vector*>& top,Ĭonst Dtype* top_data = top->cpu_data() Ĭonst Dtype* top_diff = top->cpu_diff() ĭtype* bottom_diff = bottom->mutable_cpu_diff() Void SwishLayer::Forward_cpu(const vector*>& bottom, const vector*>& top)Ĭonst Dtype* bottom_data = bottom->cpu_data() ĭtype* top_data = top->mutable_cpu_data() In the cpp files you have only to implement the forward and the backward pass, like this: template I think it's possible, so if I will decide to use Swish for real I probably will. I implemented swish both for CPU and for GPU with CUDA, but not for CUDnn. To add a layer in Caffe the fastest way is to follow the instruction in, and in this case:Ĭreate "swish_layer.cpp", "swich_layer.hpp" and "swish_layer.cu". So it's still expressed in an analytical way and using only precalculated values, so our backward pass will be very fast. The derivative of Swish(x) is swish(x) = x * sigm(x) Given that derivative of sigm(x) is sigm'(x) = sigm(x) * (1 - sigm(x)) Forward pass is straitghforward.īackward pass need the derivative of the Swish, that is very simple. The Swish activation function is defined as x * sigmoid(x). An implementation that does allow for in-place computation is easy to do, ask if needed. So you will have to use different blobs for top and bottom of the Swish layer. NOTE: this implementation DOES NOT allow for in-place computation. Let's see how to implement Swish activation function in Caffe framework. I work with Windows, so I used the Windows branch of Caffe but I'm pretty sure it works also with Linux. This is the first time that I use a non-monotonic function, and I was very excited to have a look at it, so I implemented the layer in Caffe ( ) to make some tests. Intuitively this should change the behaviour of the weigths in the zone where the normal ReLU ceases to be active. Except for on thing: it has a zone, just before zero, where the function inverts its derivative. It's defined by x * sigmoid(x), and it's graph looks like the ReLU's one. A novelty in deep learning seems to be the new "Swish" activation function ( ), a sort of ReLU but with an important feature: it is NOT a monotonic function.
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Any input satoshis not accounted for in the transaction outputs become the transaction fee. In such a case, an additional output is used, returning the change back to the payer. As in a cash transaction, the sum of inputs (coins used to pay) can exceed the intended sum of payments. Since transactions can have multiple outputs, users can send bitcoins to multiple recipients in one transaction. The use of multiple inputs corresponds to the use of multiple coins in a cash transaction. To prevent double spending, each input must refer to a previous unspent output in the blockchain. When a user sends bitcoins, the user designates each address and the amount of bitcoin being sent to that address in an output. 5 Transactions consist of one or more inputs and one or more outputs. Transactions are defined using a Forth-like scripting language. Individual blocks, public addresses, and transactions within blocks can be examined using a blockchain explorer. A conventional ledger records the transfers of actual bills or promissory notes that exist apart from it, but as a digital ledger, bitcoins only exist by virtue of the blockchain they are represented by the unspent outputs of transactions. This allows bitcoin software to determine when a particular bitcoin was spent, which is needed to prevent double-spending. At varying intervals of time averaging to every 10 minutes, a new group of accepted transactions, called a block, is created, added to the blockchain, and quickly published to all nodes, without requiring central oversight. To achieve independent verification of the chain of ownership, each network node stores its own copy of the blockchain. Network nodes can validate transactions, add them to their copy of the ledger, and then broadcast these ledger additions to other nodes. : 215–219 Transactions of the form payer X sends Y bitcoins to payee Z are broadcast to this network using readily available software applications. A network of communicating nodes running bitcoin software maintains the blockchain. It is implemented as a chain of blocks, each block containing a cryptographic hash of the previous block up to the genesis block in the chain. The bitcoin blockchain is a public ledger that records bitcoin transactions. Blockchain Data structure of blocks in the ledger 5 Units for smaller amounts of bitcoin are the millibitcoin (mBTC), equal to 1⁄ 1000 bitcoin, and the satoshi (sat), which is the smallest possible division, and named in homage to bitcoin's creator, representing 1⁄ 100 000 000 (one hundred millionth) bitcoin. One bitcoin is divisible to eight decimal places. Currency codes for representing bitcoin are BTC and XBT. The unit of account of the bitcoin system is the bitcoin. According to the University of Cambridge, bitcoin has emitted an estimated 200 million tonnes of carbon dioxide since its launch, or about 0.04% of all carbon dioxide released since 2009. Its proof-of-work algorithm for bitcoin mining is designed to be computationally difficult, which requires the consumption of increasing quantities of electricity, the generation of which has contributed to climate change. The environmental effects of bitcoin are substantial. In 2018, Bitcoin has been described as an economic bubble by at least eight recipients of the Nobel Memorial Prize in Economic Sciences. Iran has used bitcoin to bypass sanctions. Ukraine has accepted cryptocurrency donations to fund the resistance to the 2022 Russian invasion. El Salvador has adopted Bitcoin as legal tender, although use by merchants remains low. A few governments have used bitcoin in some capacity. The Library of Congress reports that, as of November 2021, nine countries have fully banned bitcoin use, and a further forty-two have implicitly banned it. It is a compound of the words bit and coin. The word "bitcoin" was defined in a white paper published on October 31, 2008. The currency began use in 2009, when its implementation was released as open-source software. The cryptocurrency was invented in 2008 by an unknown person or group of people using the name Satoshi Nakamoto. Without proper rendering support, you may see question marks, boxes, or other symbols.īitcoin ( abbreviation: BTC or XBT sign: ₿) is a protocol which implements a public, permanent, and decentralized ledger.īitcoin transactions are verified by network nodes through cryptography and recorded in a public distributed ledger called a blockchain. This article contains special characters. Initially ₿50 per block, halved every 210,000 blocks These examples show the effects under the Filters > Beautify > Border > Texture Border menu: These examples show the effects under the Filters > Beautify > Border > Simple Border menu: These examples show the effects under the Filters > Beautify > Border > Rip Border menu: Render > clouds > solid noise (as a layer) These example show the effects under the Filters > Render menu: These examples show the filters under the Filters > Noise menu: These examples show the effects under the Filters > Map menu: Light-shadow > lighting-effects, xach effect Map Light-shadow > lighting-effects, supernova Light-shadow > lighting effects, more glowing, less shiny Light-shadow > lighting effects, drop shadow Light-shadow > gradient flare, bright star These examples are under the Filters > Light and Shadow menu: These examples show the effects under the Gimp Filters > Edge menu: The lines/stripes are because I did not do that.)ĭistort > wind (many options) Edge detect (I should have made the next two images “transparent” PNGs. These images show examples from under the Gimp Filters > Distorts menu: These images show the effects under the Filters > Decor menu: This is an example of an effect under the Gimp Filters > Combine menu:Ĭombine > filmstrip of several images Decor Gaussian > blur (background blur only) Combine The result in this case is that the trees look sharp, and the background is blurred: This is a really nice technique to use when you have people in the foreground and stuff in the background that you don’t care about. In the next image I (a) quickly selected the trees, (b) inverted that selection, then did a Gaussian blur on the background. These are examples of the filters you can find under the Filters > Blur menu: These are examples of the filters you can find under Filters > Beautify > Beautify.īeautify > smart color (50) + strong contrast (20) These examples show the effects you can find under the Filters > Artistic menu: The original imageīefore showing all the different Gimp effects, here’s the original image: Also, most of these effects have different controls that you can adjust in most cases here I have just used the default values. Note that these are “one at a time” effects you can combine filters together to achieve an infinite number of possible effects. I put the name of each filter/effect to the right of each image. To help with this problem, I created this page as a “ Gimp filters cheat sheet” to help remind me of what all the filters look like.Īs a result, this page shows over 130 examples of Gimp effects that are applied one at a time to a photograph I took of Denali when I lived in Talkeetna, Alaska. There are so many filters available with Gimp - and no simple way to preview them all - that I forget what they all look like. If you know how to use Gimp and just want a reference page of what the effects look like, I hope these examples are helpful. Summary: This page shows over 130 examples of what you can accomplish with filters and other effects in Gimp. Water is not only a good heat sink, it also has an unusual relation between its density and its temperature. Significant energy savings can be realized if heat can instead be transferred to a mass of cooler material with a high capacity for absorbing heat, such as water, eliminating the need for a compressor-based cooling cycle. If it is warmer outside than inside, heat must be pushed “uphill”, a very energy intensive operation. Air conditioning currently consumes 18 percent of US electrical output (Cox, 2006) any technologies that can considerably lower the energy demand of air conditioning will create a significant drop in electrical use and mitigate the associated environmental concerns of greenhouse gas emissions and local air pollution.Ĭonventional air conditioning functions by transferring heat from the air to a chilled medium, and then uses a compressor, motor, and refrigerant to transfer the heat from the chiller medium to the outdoors. Cooling can be particularly troublesome as it is thermodynamically more difficult than heating and demand is intermittent air conditioning demand can trigger summer brownouts and voltage drops on hot summer afternoons. Air conditioning is required even in temperate areas, as technologies such as lighting and electronic equipment produce significant indoor waste heat that must be vented to the outdoors. In many areas of the world including North America, air conditioning imposes a significant load on local electrical systems. Other locations in which heavy air conditioning users are located next to deep, cold water bodies could use this technology to encourage sustainable building. The City of Toronto's approach, in which many buildings are serviced at once while piggybacking onto existing water piping and pumping capacity, can deliver cost savings on a shorter time span. Diffusion is hindered by the low cost of energy. This technology requires that a client with a large cooling need is situated near a deep, cold body of water, and payback times vary depending on the site. We compare deep water cooling systems in Halifax, Nova Scotia and Toronto, Ontario, and find that this technology has significant ecological benefits and long-term economic benefits. Deep water cooling involves using naturally cold water as a heat sink in a heat exchange system, thereby eliminating the need for conventional air conditioning. “I made a really hard decision to return the AirPods Max for the Bose QuietComfort headphones mainly because I really wanted to be able to work out in the headphones and the AirPods Max just aren’t great for that,” she says. Benda mentions that she ultimately returned her own pair. After spending eight to nine hours with my AirPods Pros in my ears, I noticed how sore my ear canals would get and sometimes even scabbing.”Įvery product has its setbacks, and a major one for Apple’s AirPods Max is the hefty price tag, which starts at $549. I am big into listening to music and podcasts when I am working, sometimes I don’t even have anything playing, I just use the headphones for the noise canceling aspect so I can focus. “I was inspired to buy a pair of over-the-ear headphones because my ears were suffering from the AirPods that I found myself wearing all day. I absolutely hate wired headphones - I find them annoying and very inconvenient to wear, especially when they get tangled,” explains Gaskin. “They’re wireless and noise-canceling, which are two vital things I look for in my headphones. She purchased a pair of Sony headphones from Best Buy during a Black Friday sale. “But I just thought ‘That’s exactly what I was going for anyway!’”Īlexis Gaskin, a 23-year-old freelance writer, tells NYLON that she’s leaning into the over-the-ear headphone trend for the sake of comfort and convenience. “It was really funny to me that the video got a lot of hate, most notably people saying they looked like earmuffs,” recalls Benda. After she posted her now-viral video about the AirPods Max, many people were opposed to it. “I think they are so flattering and cute and are a great way to bring the recent earmuffs trend from winter into the warmer months.”īut Benda’s new chunky headset apparently had her followers and viewers divided. “I wanted to buy chunky headphones after seeing a lot of other students wearing them on campus as well as some people on TikTok, like Ruby Lyn,” says Benda. Taylor Benda, an 18-year-old fashion business management student at the Fashion Institute of Technology, tells NYLON that she was initially inspired by her college peers to purchase her own pair. The Apple AirPods Max has grabbed quite the attention online with over 131 million views on TikTok alone. In simple terms, it’s like a BBL but for your ears. Wearers have also taken to personalizing their own pairs with stickers and other decorations. (No wind or background noise should get in the way of your next call.)įor the aesthetically minded, the AirPods Max’s squishy ear cushions (made from memory foam and wrapped in a soft mesh material) attached to sleek shells come in five colors, including space gray (black), silver, sky blue, green, and pink. It also has active noise cancellation or transparency mode (like its AirPods Pro counterpart), and its mic feature is much more advanced, allowing to pick up (and isolate) your voice so it’s loud and clear to the listener. The wireless headset’s “digital crown,” a rotating button, can play or skip audio, manage volume levels, answer or end phone calls, and activate Apple’s virtual assistant Siri. Compared with its well-known ear-bud AirPods, Apple’s AirPods Max version claims to provide a more elevated listening experience. Obstacle sensing in three directions makes it extra convenient for beginners and improves safety for your Mavic Air 2.
¡Te debo una! (I owe you one!)īásicamente, te hicieron un favor, y ahora tú respondes con un… te debo una. It could be accompanied with an ¡Eres un santo! ¡Te vas a ir al cielo! (You’re a saint! You’re going to heaven!) Or something like the following example: 7. Era obvio, que tendríamos algo así para decir gracias (it was obvious that we would have something like this to say thank you). We Mexicans still use lots of sayings that involve biblical or phrases related to heaven, hell, etc. ¡Te vas a ir al cielo! (You're going to heaven) Now it’s my turn to make your day! Did you know that we have an Essential Spanish Chunking kit where you will find the most important Spanish chunks that you will need every single day? Download it now, for free! Link is in the description! 6. ¡Qué bueno que me dijiste! ¡Me hiciste el día! (What? I have been waiting for them for a while.) ¿Qué? Las he estado esperando desde hace un buen. Your grades have arrived and I left them on the table for you.) Acaban de llegar tus calificaciones y te la dejé sobre la mesa. ¡Me hiciste el día! (You made my day!)ĭespués de recibir buenas noticias, o simplemente alguien te ayudo con tus cosas (after getting good news, or simply someone helped you out with your things) you can use this chunk, for example: (We thank you for your lesson) – formalĥ.
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